The difference between bibliography and references is vital in academic writing. A reference list cites sources you directly quoted or paraphrased, promoting transparency. In contrast, a bibliography lists all sources you consulted, cited or not, to provide a broader research context. Understanding these roles strengthens your research papers. What is a Bibliography? A bibliography is […]
Reference manager software or personal bibliographic management is software that allows all manners of scientists, researchers and scholars to record and use citations when creating bibliographies. The six basic functions of the reference managers include create, store, Organize, change, Cite, and Share references. Some of the important and popular Reference managers for researchers and faculty […]
Self-citation refers to citing one’s previous publications in a new publication. Author self-citation exists when the citing and the cited papers have at least 1 author in common. For every scientist three main measures of self-citations were obtained: “Total self-citations”, i.e., the total number of self-citations (document level) that all the documents produced by a […]
Citations in-text The Vancouver referencing style and the Harvard referencing style are the two referencing formats most frequently employed in scientific writing. The primary difference between the two styles is how references are provided in the running text. 1. Citations by names of authors, the Harvard system: references arranged alphabetically at the end. Eg: There […]
Defining citations and references Citations embedded in main text. References appended at the end. Citations are pointers to references. References provide enough details to pinpoint the source, to judge the quality of the source, and to obtain the document if required. A cryptic notation: Nature 171:737 Why use citations? To give the sources of data, […]
A “citation” is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work came from another source. When do I need to cite? When you use words, thoughts, ideas, etc. of someone else. When you direct quote. When you paraphrase. When you use or reference an idea or thought that has already been […]
